The State of Cambodia’s Microfinance Sector in 2025: Reform, Resilience, and Responsibility.

As of 2025, Cambodia’s microfinance sector stands at a critical crossroad—balancing the momentum of growth with the necessity for reform. A once-unchecked expansion is now undergoing a thoughtful recalibration, driven by calls for responsible lending, borrower protection, and inclusive financial development. This evolution, spearheaded by the National Bank of Cambodia (NBC), the United Nations (UN), and domestic stakeholders such as the Cambodia Microfinance Association (CMA), marks a defining moment in the trajectory of financial empowerment for millions of Cambodians.

Microfinance in Cambodia: A Rapidly Evolving Landscape

Microfinance has long been a cornerstone of Cambodia’s financial ecosystem, particularly for the rural poor and small business owners. Originating from grassroots lending initiatives in the 1990s, the sector has since grown into a formidable industry. By the first quarter of 2025, Cambodia’s microfinance institutions (MFIs) had issued over $5.37 billion in loans, serving more than 1.5 million borrowers, according to the latest data from the CMA. However, this growth has come with significant challenges—most notably, a rising rate of over-indebtedness and concerns about unsustainable lending practices.

Read more: What Does Real Estate Investment in Cambodia Look Like in 2025?

The Portfolio at Risk over 30 days (PAR+30) reached 9.5 percent, reflecting an increase of 1.3 percentage points compared to the previous quarter. While the sector remains broadly stable, this figure has drawn attention to the need for improved credit assessments and risk management.

Reforms Led by NBC and the UN: A Sector Under Transformation

In response to these challenges, the NBC and the United Nations launched a transformative initiative in November 2023—a multi-stakeholder consultation process aimed at restructuring the microfinance sector. This collaborative effort brought together over 100 participants from across government, financial institutions, civil society, and development organizations.

The goal: implement 22 priority actions to ensure financial services are not only accessible but also ethical, inclusive, and protective of borrower interests. By January 2025, four of these actions had been completed, fifteen were in progress, and three had just begun. The key focus areas include:

• Regulation and Supervision: Enhancing the regulatory framework to enforce responsible lending practices.
• Borrower Assistance: Providing tools and services to help borrowers better understand and manage debt.
• Technology Integration: Promoting the use of digital tools to expand outreach and improve transparency.
• Informal Lending Challenges: Curbing unregulated lending through improved enforcement and local engagement.
• Agricultural Risk Insurance: Developing insurance schemes to protect rural livelihoods, especially in climate-sensitive regions.

A Spotlight on Responsible Lending and Consumer Protection

One of the most notable reform efforts is the prohibition of using Indigenous Communal Land Titles (ICLTs) as collateral. This move is a direct response to widespread concerns about land-related financial distress, particularly among indigenous communities. By removing ICLTs from the lending ecosystem, the NBC and CMA aim to prevent forced land sales and dispossession due to default.

Moreover, the CMA, under the leadership of Chairwoman Dith Nita, has doubled down on its mission to protect borrowers. “We recognise the challenges borrowers face and are actively working to improve lending practices and strengthen consumer protections,” she stated. The CMA is advancing financial literacy programmes such as the Safe Community Finance Project, with special attention given to women and rural populations.

Growth Amid Reform: Lending, Deposits, and Economic Impact

Despite tightening regulatory conditions, the microfinance sector continues to grow. In Q1 2025:

• Total loan volume rose by 4.1% compared to the previous quarter.
• Deposits climbed to $2.78 billion, reflecting a 9.6% increase.
• Interestingly, the number of depositors fell by 8.8%, indicating a shift in consumer behavior that may relate to macroeconomic conditions or evolving trust dynamics within financial institutions.

Read more: Why Are These 4 Provinces Emerging as Cambodia’s Next Industrial Hubs?

Loans were largely concentrated in:

• Household consumption (32.8%)
• Agriculture (20.8%)
• Trade and commerce (20.1%)
• Services, construction, transportation, and manufacturing (collectively ~25%)

These figures show that while MFIs have diversified, they still cater heavily to basic livelihood and small-scale business needs—a reflection of Cambodia’s socio-economic structure, where micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) dominate.

Partnerships and Innovation: Enabling Sustainable Financial Inclusion

The microfinance ecosystem is also being strengthened through institutional partnerships. The CMA and the Cambodia Credit Guarantee Corporation (CGCC) signed an MoU to foster financial inclusion, specifically targeting MSMEs.

This partnership focuses on:

• Capacity development
• Digital financial services
• Financial literacy

The CGCC’s role in reducing collateral burdens has made a significant impact, especially for first-time entrepreneurs without traditional assets. Additionally, many MFIs are now aligning with state-driven initiatives, such as those led by the SME Bank, to provide guaranteed loans and subsidized interest rates.

Expert Insight: The Voice of the CMA

Speaking to Khmer Times, Kaing Tongngy, spokesman for the CMA, underscored the importance of microfinance in supporting local businesses. “Cambodia has a high concentration of micro-enterprises, which are essential drivers of employment and local economic activity,” he said.

Tongngy also noted the evolution of MFIs from basic lending institutions to more sophisticated entities offering diversified services, from mobile banking to financial education. However, he stressed that credit quality and customer protection must now take center stage to safeguard the sector’s sustainability.

Integration with the Broader Banking Sector

Cambodia’s banking sector, which includes both commercial banks and MFIs, has shown impressive resilience.

NBC Deputy Governor Rath Sovannorak reported that by February 2025, total bank assets reached $94.6 billion, up 7.7% year-on-year.

MFIs, in particular, showcased strong fundamentals:

• Capital Adequacy Ratio: 25.8%
• Liquidity Coverage Ratio: Over 188%

This stability underscores the microfinance sector’s growing synergy with mainstream banking. MFIs are no longer peripheral players—they are integral components of the country’s financial architecture.

Challenges Ahead: Over-Indebtedness and the Risk of Financial Exclusion

Despite the gains, challenges persist. The rise in PAR+30, the drop in depositors, and continued informal lending all signal vulnerabilities that require urgent attention.

Read more: What’re the Key Cambodia’s Foreign Policies? Here’re What You Need to Know

One major concern is over-indebtedness. Multiple loans from different institutions, often taken to repay older debts, have placed borrowers—particularly in rural and low-income areas—under severe financial stress. Without robust credit-sharing databases and stronger enforcement mechanisms, the risk of systemic instability could grow.

The Road Ahead: Collaboration and Collective Responsibility

The sector’s transformation hinges on collective responsibility. The CMA has urged investors, regulators, NGOs, and the private sector to coordinate efforts.

As Mrs. Dith Nita put it: “Together with our partners, we are working to build a financial sector that is inclusive and offers meaningful opportunities for Cambodia’s most vulnerable populations.”

These reforms are not merely regulatory checkboxes—they represent a paradigm shift in how financial services are designed, delivered, and consumed in Cambodia.

A Sector Poised for Inclusive Growth

In 2025, Cambodia’s microfinance sector finds itself at the intersection of progress and prudence. While the sector continues to expand in terms of reach and volume, the emphasis is now clearly on sustainable growth, consumer protection, and financial education.

Through the combined efforts of the NBC, UN, CMA, and financial institutions, microfinance is being reshaped into a tool not only for economic empowerment but also for social equity and long-term stability.

Read more: What Makes Koh Kong a Prime Location for Foreign Investors?

The reforms underway will likely serve as a model for other developing nations, where rapid financial inclusion must be tempered with safeguards to protect the most vulnerable.

As Cambodia advances in building a stronger and more responsible microfinance ecosystem, your voice matters. Whether you’re a borrower, lender, policymaker, or simply an observer, your insights can help shape the future of inclusive finance in Cambodia.

What do you think about the reforms in the microfinance sector? Are they enough to protect borrowers and promote real growth? Share your thoughts in the comments or reach out to us. Let’s make finance work for everyone.

The Love That Gave Birth to a Kingdom: The Legend of Preah Thong and Neang Neak!

Cambodia is a land of ancient temples, sacred traditions, and deeply rooted legends that have been passed down through generations. Among the most powerful and symbolic tales is the legendary love story of Preah Thong and Neang Neak, a myth that intertwines romance, cultural identity, and the mystical origin of a kingdom. This epic saga is more than folklore, it is the foundation of Khmer civilization, still vividly alive in the arts, architecture, and ceremonies of modern Cambodia.

The Island of Kouk Thlouk: Birthplace of the Legend

Long before the great Khmer Empire, before Angkor Wat was built, there existed a mystical island known as Kouk Thlouk, or the “Land of the Thlouk Tree.” This was not an ordinary island. According to ancient legend, it was inhabited by the Naga people, mythical serpentine beings who could shape-shift into humans. The Nagas were revered as protectors of water, fertility, and the land.

Read more: Is It a Good Idea to Offer a Khmer Traditional Clothes Rental Service at Angkor Wat?

One moonlit evening, Princess Soma, the daughter of the powerful Naga King, led her entourage of Naga women to the island for a sacred ritual dance. At that very moment, a foreign prince from India named Kaundinya—later known in Khmer as Preah Thong, arrived with his fleet, having journeyed across the seas in search of new lands and purpose.

Love at First Sight: The Divine Encounter

As fate would have it, Prince Kaundinya was immediately struck by Princess Soma’s otherworldly beauty. Enchanted by her grace and elegance as she danced beneath the stars, he knew that he had found his destined partner. Determined to marry her, Kaundinya approached the princess with respect and love.

Soma agreed to the union, but insisted that her father, the Naga King, must approve. What followed was a test of courage and devotion unlike any other Kaundinya was required to descend into the underwater palace of the Naga King, guided by holding the tail of Soma’s serpent form. The journey was perilous, a descent not only into the sea but into a realm between the mortal and divine.

Impressed by Kaundinya’s bravery and sincere intentions, the Naga King gave his blessing. As a wedding gift to the newlyweds, he magically expanded the island by pushing back the sea, giving birth to new land that would one day become Cambodia.

A Union that Founded a Nation

This symbolic union between Preah Thong and Neang Neak is said to mark the origin of the Khmer people. Their marriage was not just a royal love story, it represented the merging of two civilizations: Indian influence, brought by Kaundinya through Hinduism, governance, and Sanskrit; and the indigenous spirit of the Naga, deeply tied to Cambodia’s land, water, and ancestry.

Today, this union is still honored in Khmer wedding ceremonies, where the groom symbolically holds the bride’s scarf or skirt, a gesture derived from the moment Kaundinya held Soma’s tail. It signifies respect for the bride and her family, and affirms the woman’s role as a central figure in the household a value deeply ingrained in Cambodian culture.

The Naga: A Sacred Symbol of Unity and Protection

The Naga serpent plays a central role in Cambodian spiritual and cultural life. As both a mythical creature and a protective deity, the Naga is believed to control the waters, guard sacred sites, and bring prosperity.

Read more: For the Love of Khmer Food

At the Angkor Wat temple complex, visitors will notice rows of Naga balustrades seven-headed serpents that guard the entrances and bridges, symbolizing the eternal connection between heaven and earth. Naga imagery is also found in modern national identity. For example, the logo of the 32nd SEA Games in Cambodia prominently features a coiled Naga, showcasing the serpent as a guardian of the nation’s health, unity, and diversity.

Each coil in the SEA Games logo is colored differently green, red, yellow, and blue, representing not only the Cambodian flag but also the harmony among the countries of Southeast Asia. At the center of the coils lies Angkor Wat, representing Cambodia’s spiritual heart and its golden age.

Where Legend Meets History: Funan and Indian Influence

Though steeped in mythology, the legend of Preah Thong and Neang Neak may contain historical truths. Chinese chronicles from the 3rd century CE mention a kingdom named Funan, located in what is now southern Cambodia. According to the Book of Liang, a Chinese historical text, a Brahmin prince named Hun Tian, widely accepted as a Chinese transliteration of Kaundinya, arrived by sea and married a local queen named Liuye, often interpreted as Princess Soma.

Archaeological findings in the ancient city of Oc Eo (modern-day Vietnam, formerly part of Funan) support these accounts. These discoveries reveal Indian artifacts, inscriptions in Sanskrit, and early Hindu-Buddhist iconography, suggesting a strong influence of Indian civilization in shaping Funan’s political and cultural development.

In this context, the legend of Preah Thong and Neang Neak reflects a symbolic explanation for the real Indo-Khmer fusion that birthed early Cambodian civilization.

Preserving the Tale through Dance, Art, and Statues

The tale of Preah Thong and Neang Neak is not confined to books or oral storytelling, it lives and breathes through Khmer classical dance, temple carvings, and modern monuments. Perhaps the most mesmerizing way to witness this story is through a performance by the Royal Ballet of Cambodia, a UNESCO-recognized intangible cultural heritage.

In their performances, elaborately dressed dancers enact the fateful meeting, romance, and underwater journey of the legendary couple. Every gesture and movement is infused with centuries-old symbolism, drawing the audience into a world where myth and reality intertwine.

In Sihanoukville, along the coast of southern Cambodia, a stunning statue of Preah Thong and Neang Neak rises majestically. The sculpture captures the pivotal moment where Preah Thong holds the tail of Neang Neak’s serpent form forever memorializing the founding myth of the Khmer people. This iconic monument has become a symbol of love, courage, and unity.

Tracing the Footsteps of the Legend

For travelers and locals alike, the legend of Preah Thong and Neang Neak offers a unique opportunity to explore Cambodia’s cultural soul.

• Visit Angkor Wat, and look closely at the Naga balustrades that guard the pathways.
• Explore the National Museum of Cambodia, where relics and carvings reflect the Hindu-Buddhist legacy brought by Preah Thong.
• Witness a Royal Ballet performance in Phnom Penh or Siem Reap to see the story brought to life.
• Admire the statue in Sihanoukville, a modern homage to an ancient legend.
• Attend a Khmer wedding, and observe the ritual gestures that connect present generations to their mythic past.

These experiences reveal how the legend is woven into daily life, forming a living bridge between Cambodia’s ancient past and vibrant present.

A Love Story that Lives On

The story of Preah Thong and Neang Neak is more than a romantic legend it is the foundation of Khmer identity, a tale of cross-cultural union, respect, and the mystical origins of a kingdom that continues to thrive today.

Their story teaches timeless lessons: the strength of love to unite different worlds, the importance of cultural fusion in shaping identity, and the enduring value of courage and respect. As Cambodia continues to grow and modernize, it carries forward this legend not just in memory, but in spirit, ceremony, and symbol.

Whether you are a historian, traveler, or dreamer, the story of Preah Thong and Neang Neak invites you to see Cambodia not just as a place on the map, but as a mythical land born from love, enriched by heritage, and guarded by sacred serpents.

What Do You Think About the Legend of Preah Thong and Neang Neak?

Have you encountered this story in Cambodia or abroad? What parts of the legend speak to you the most? Share your thoughts, experiences, or questions in the comments, we’d love to hear how this powerful story resonates with you.

Discover the CHAKRA STEM App: Empowering a Cleaner, Greener, and More Sustainable Cambodia!

Overview of the App

• Name of App: CHAKRA STEM App
• Initial Concept: To promote clean, green, and sustainable development in Cambodia through environmental education, digital data tracking, and innovative STEM-based solutions.
• Date of Development: Officially launched in May 2025
• Developed by: STEM Education Organisation for Cambodia
• Managed by: Ministry of Environment, Cambodia
• Features: Tree-planting tracking, carbon emission calculation, waste management tools, STEM learning modules, environmental monitoring, prototype creation tools
• Who is the App for? Students, educators, youth groups, environmentalists, government bodies, and the general public interested in sustainability and environmental protection

MoE Launches Digital Tools to Promote Sustainable Cambodia

In a bold stride toward a greener and smarter Cambodia, the Ministry of Environment (MoE) has unveiled a new digital innovation: the CHAKRA STEM App. This launch, aligned with the Kingdom’s broader transformation agenda, signifies the Ministry’s deepening commitment to integrate technology with environmental conservation. At a well-attended launch ceremony led by Minister of Environment Eang Sophalleth, the app was introduced as a cornerstone of Cambodia’s evolving digital ecosystem, aimed at fostering eco-consciousness, education, and sustainable development among Cambodian youth and society.

This digital milestone is part of the second phase of the MoE’s e-Administration system, a strategy designed not just for operational efficiency, but also to fulfill the country’s Pentagonal Strategy-Phase 1. This five-point national roadmap emphasizes People, Roads, Water, Electricity, and Technology—visionary themes laid out by Prime Minister Hun Manet. The CHAKRA STEM App falls squarely within the Technology and People pillars, offering a unique platform that empowers users to participate in environmental conservation while acquiring 21st-century skills.

Purpose and Vision Behind the CHAKRA STEM App

At its heart, the CHAKRA STEM App was created with a dual mission: to protect Cambodia’s natural environment and to educate its people—especially the younger generations—on the importance of sustainability. Minister Sophalleth highlighted the broader implications of this initiative, noting that it aims to digitize environmental planning by enabling users to manage and monitor activities such as tree planting, carbon tracking, and waste management via a centralized, user-friendly mobile platform.

This transformation from paper-based processes to smart digital workflows is not just about speed—it’s about transparency, accountability, and precision. With built-in features like geo-tagging for tree planting, automated carbon level estimations, and digital reports on plastic waste collection, the CHAKRA STEM App allows users and government agencies alike to visualize and measure the real-time environmental impact of their actions.

Read more: What is DG SuperApp?

A New Chapter for STEM and Environment in Cambodia

The collaboration between the Ministry of Environment and the STEM Education Organisation for Cambodia—formalized during the launch through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)—is what truly sets the CHAKRA STEM App apart. Representing the ministry, Undersecretary of State Mao Soveng signed the agreement alongside Executive Director of STEM Cambodia, Eang Nithijounie Dene, in a show of shared commitment to innovation and sustainability.

With 18 years of experience in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, the STEM Education Organisation has long prioritized environmental applications of technology. The CHAKRA STEM App is a natural evolution of this vision—a digital toolkit that blends scientific knowledge, civic responsibility, and practical innovation.

Dene emphasized the significance of this partnership, calling it a “meaningful step forward” in securing a sustainable Cambodia. She noted that the app will not only improve resource management but also serve as an interactive classroom for young Cambodians, where they can learn by doing—planting trees, developing sensors, analyzing environmental data, and even coding their own solutions to local environmental challenges.

Key Features and Functionalities of the CHAKRA STEM App

The CHAKRA STEM App is more than just an educational tool—it’s a dynamic platform for environmental action. Some of its standout features include:

• Tree Planting Tracker: Users can record tree planting activities with GPS location tagging. The app keeps track of tree growth, species planted, and the individuals or groups involved.
• Carbon Emission Calculator: The app uses growth data from planted trees to estimate carbon offset contributions over time, helping Cambodia on its path to carbon neutrality.
• Plastic Waste Management Tools: Users can report and track plastic waste collection, recycling efforts, and cleanup activities in their communities.
• STEM Learning Modules: Interactive content and challenges for students to learn about environmental science, engineering practices, and technological innovation.
• Prototype Builder: Encourages young users to design solutions such as pollution sensors or smart irrigation systems using accessible coding and engineering tools.
• Research and Data Analytics Hub: Enables environmental researchers and students to collect and analyze local data for scientific studies or school projects.

Read more: Why Does Angkor Wat Top Agoda’s ‘Must-Visit’ ASEAN Temples List?

Empowering Youth and Communities

One of the most powerful aspects of the CHAKRA STEM App is its focus on people, especially Cambodia’s youth, who are seen as critical drivers of change. Through hands-on training and interactive activities, the app is designed to cultivate digital literacy and environmental stewardship simultaneously.

According to Minister Sophalleth, the program encourages “training students and youth in technological knowledge and innovative skills that can be practically applied to address environmental challenges.” These challenges include deforestation, climate change, urban waste, and declining biodiversity—issues that Cambodia, like many nations, must confront head-on.

By equipping the next generation with the tools to understand and act upon these challenges, the CHAKRA STEM App becomes more than a mobile application—it becomes a movement for digital environmentalism.

Promoting Research, Innovation, and Accountability

In addition to its educational goals, the CHAKRA STEM App has significant implications for Cambodia’s environmental research and governance. The centralized data collected through the app allows policymakers and researchers to track national progress toward sustainability goals with unprecedented accuracy. This digital repository will serve as a valuable source of environmental intelligence, guiding future decisions about forest management, urban planning, and climate resilience.

Read more: “Visit Angkor” Mobile App! Who Should Use it?

Moreover, by reducing paperwork and automating data collection, the app improves transparency and reduces bureaucratic delays, reinforcing Cambodia’s larger push toward smart governance under its Pentagonal Strategy.

A Future-Proof Vision for a Greener Cambodia

The launch of the CHAKRA STEM App is not a standalone achievement—it is part of a broader digital ecosystem that the Ministry of Environment is constructing to address Cambodia’s pressing ecological needs. It reflects a growing recognition that technology and sustainability must go hand-in-hand in today’s world, and that empowering communities through education and innovation is the key to long-term success.

As Cambodia continues its journey toward sustainable development, the CHAKRA STEM App stands out as a beacon of hope and progress. It offers a scalable, replicable model that other ministries, educational institutions, and even neighboring countries may look to for inspiration.

Technology with a Purpose

In a world facing climate crises and environmental degradation, the CHAKRA STEM App provides a fresh and practical approach to solving problems at the intersection of education, technology, and ecology. It showcases what’s possible when government, civil society, and youth work together under a shared vision.

The mobile apps are downloadable through: Andriod & IOS

By digitizing Cambodia’s path to sustainability, the Ministry of Environment is not only streamlining operations—it’s mobilizing a nation. And with the CHAKRA STEM App in hand, Cambodia’s future environmental leaders are being empowered to code, plant, calculate, analyze, and innovate their way toward a cleaner, greener, and smarter Kingdom.

📢 What do you think about this initiative? Would you or your school use the CHAKRA STEM App to support environmental action? Let us know in the comments or reach out to the Ministry of Environment to get involved!

From Runways to Recreation: How Countries Are Transforming Old Airports—and What Could Be Next for Phnom Penh’s Pochentong Airport

In cities around the world, once-bustling airports that have closed their doors to air traffic are now experiencing a second life—as vibrant public spaces that enrich communities. These sites, often located in urban centers and spanning hundreds of hectares, are being creatively repurposed into parks, cultural zones, and sustainable living environments. This global trend reflects a growing commitment to smart urban planning, community development, and heritage preservation.

Now, with Phnom Penh International Airport (PPIA), also known as Pochentong Airport, set to cease operations by midnight on July 9, 2025, many are wondering: could Cambodia join this movement? And what would it mean for Phnom Penh’s residents and the city’s future?

Let’s explore how other countries have successfully transformed old airports—and imagine what could lie ahead for Cambodia’s capital.

Also read: What is the highest bridge in Cambodia?

✈️ Global Examples: Old Airports Turned Into Public Gems

1. Germany – Tempelhofer Feld (Berlin)

One of the world’s most iconic airport transformations, Berlin’s Tempelhof Airport, closed in 2008, has become Tempelhofer Feld—a vast open park and cultural space. Locals and tourists now use its former runways for cycling, rollerblading, and kite flying, while community gardens and event venues offer social engagement. It remains a symbol of creative urban reuse and historical preservation.

2. United States – Stapleton and Mueller Communities

In Denver, Stapleton International Airport was closed in 1995 and transformed into the Stapleton Community. This large-scale urban development includes homes, schools, shopping areas, and parks—creating a model neighborhood in the heart of the city. Similarly, in Austin, Texas, the former Robert Mueller Airport became the Mueller Community, now a thriving mixed-use district with residences, offices, and green spaces.

3. Hong Kong – Kai Tak Development Project

Once infamous for its daring landings, Kai Tak Airport closed in 1998 and has since become a modern urban development zone. The Kai Tak Cruise Terminal, Kai Tak Sky Garden, and green promenades are part of a larger plan to convert the site into a sustainable living area with waterfront access and a blend of residential and commercial use.

4. Ecuador – Bicentennial Park (Quito)

Mariscal Sucre Airport in Quito closed in 2013 and was reborn as Bicentennial Park. Covering 125 hectares, the park offers sports facilities, bike lanes, green fields, and event spaces, contributing significantly to urban wellness and community life.

Also read: Is Phnom Penh Really That Expensive to Live In?

5. Singapore – Kallang Airport Redevelopment

Singapore’s Kallang Airport, once Southeast Asia’s aviation hub, closed in 1955 but continues to be recognized for its historical significance. It is currently being developed into a mixed-use community and recreation space, with plans to preserve the original terminal building and integrate modern lifestyle amenities.

6. Greece – The Ellinikon Project

Ellinikon Airport in Athens, closed in 2001, is being transformed into one of Europe’s largest urban regeneration projects. The 494-hectare site will feature parks, waterfront access, luxury residences, and commercial areas—all while focusing on sustainability and climate resilience.

🛫 What If Pochentong Airport Became a Public Space?

As the countdown begins for PPIA’s final flight in July, Prime Minister Hun Manet has made it clear: the airport is not for sale. Despite rumors of a $3 billion private deal, he reaffirmed that the land will remain government property under the guardianship of the State Secretariat of Civil Aviation (SSCA). Most importantly, it will retain its historical significance and benefit the Cambodian public.

But what exactly could a transformed Pochentong Airport look like?

1. A Central Urban Park

Imagine a massive public park—Phnom Penh’s version of Tempelhofer Feld—right in the city center. The runways could be converted into walking, jogging, and cycling paths, while hangars become performance venues or cultural centers. Trees, gardens, water features, and shaded seating areas could offer relief from the city’s heat and traffic.

2. A Heritage Museum & Innovation Hub

PPIA was established under the guidance of King Norodom Sihanouk, making it a historical landmark. One part of the terminal could be preserved as a National Aviation Museum, telling the story of Cambodia’s aviation history. Adjacent areas could house startup incubators, community learning spaces, or a tech and design center to foster youth innovation and education.

3. Affordable Housing & Public Facilities

Taking inspiration from Stapleton and Mueller, parts of the 300-hectare site could be reserved for affordable housing, public schools, and health centers. With urban land prices rising, such a project could ease congestion and improve living standards for Phnom Penh’s middle and lower-income families.

4. Sustainable Urban Development

A modern urban regeneration plan could incorporate solar-powered buildings, recycled water systems, and green transportation networks. This would align with Cambodia’s increasing focus on sustainability and climate resilience, as seen in other development policies.

Also read: What’s Next for Phnom Penh’s Airport After July?

Why This Matters for Cambodia?

Phnom Penh is growing rapidly. With the Techo International Airport set to become the country’s main aviation hub, the capital needs more open spaces, sustainable housing, and smart infrastructure. Transforming Pochentong Airport into a public asset could serve multiple national goals:

• Preserve history while embracing the future.
• Reduce urban congestion by creating more livable districts.
• Promote tourism with cultural and green attractions.
• Support education and innovation through dedicated public facilities.
• Protect state property while boosting social equity.

As Prime Minister Hun Manet emphasized, no monetary value can surpass the historical and societal value of the site. His assurance that the land will remain under government control, be used sustainably, and serve the public is a step in the right direction.

✍️ Final Thoughts

Across the globe, old airports are becoming new centers of life. From Berlin’s runways to Quito’s recreational parklands, these transformations show what’s possible when vision meets responsible governance.

Cambodia now stands at a similar crossroads. With a bold vision and community engagement, Phnom Penh’s Pochentong Airport could evolve into a legacy project—one that balances history, development, and the well-being of future generations.

🔔 What do you think should happen to the old Pochentong Airport land? Should it become a park, a cultural center, or something else? Share your thoughts in the comments below!

If you found this article helpful or inspiring, follow Angkor Times for more insights on Cambodia’s future developments.

Over a decade has passed since the launch of the Cambodia Securities Exchange (CSX), yet the platform continues to struggle with one major challenge: attracting young Cambodian investors. While the market offers long-term financial benefits such as dividends, ownership rights, and potential capital gains, it still lacks the dynamic features that capture the attention of millennials and Gen Z. These younger investors are increasingly looking toward more fast-paced, digital options like forex trading and cryptocurrencies.

Traditional Model Meets Modern Expectations

Stock markets have historically played a vital role in economic development—from Amsterdam’s pioneering exchange in 1602 to Wall Street and the London Stock Exchange in the 18th and 19th centuries. These platforms fueled industrial revolutions, infrastructure growth, and immense wealth creation.

Also read: How to start stock trading in Cambodia?

In Cambodia, however, the journey began much later. Following decades of conflict and economic hardship, the country only started to focus on capital market development in the early 2000s. Through the government’s Financial Sector Development Plans (FSDPs), institutions like the Ministry of Economy and Finance, the National Bank of Cambodia, and the Securities and Exchange Regulator of Cambodia have been working to create a diverse, inclusive, and efficient market system.

From regulatory reforms and tax incentives to the introduction of various financial instruments—including equities, bonds, derivatives, and even digital asset sandboxes—Cambodia has made substantial groundwork. But building the system is one thing; getting young people to use it is another.

A Vision with Limited Appeal

When the CSX launched in 2011, its mission was to become a “financial highway” that would boost domestic investment and economic development. In theory, the idea was solid. In practice, it hasn’t caught on—particularly with younger Cambodians.

The issue isn’t just a lack of awareness. It’s a mismatch between what the market offers and what young investors seek. “We studied the stock market in class, but honestly, it just didn’t grab my attention,” said Tit Chheang, a second-year finance student. “Most of my friends are more into digital assets. They’re quicker, easier to access, and more exciting.”

Speed, Choice, and Engagement Matter

This growing interest in digital alternatives is echoed widely. Chy Kimtong, a software engineering graduate, tried CSX but didn’t stick with it. “I invested in a couple of stocks based on a friend’s advice, but nothing really happened. The prices barely changed and I didn’t know where to get updates.”

For many young Cambodians, the CSX lacks the three elements they value most: speed, choice, and interactivity. Seab Sat, a trader who shares market tips on social media, explored the CSX briefly but eventually shifted to forex and commodities. “It felt slow. In forex, there’s always something happening, and you have a wider range of trading options.”

Also read: Why Are These 7 Hidden Gems in Cambodia a Goldmine for Business?

Popular influencer and crypto advocate TOP V (BoySaMoum), who leads the Anajak investment community, doesn’t even bother with the CSX anymore. His daily posts on blockchain education and crypto trends have inspired a generation to lean into decentralized finance. “Digital assets are visionary. They feel like the future. CSX, by comparison, seems stuck in the past,” he said.

The Case for Stability

Yet not everyone has turned away from Cambodia’s stock market. Some investors still see value in its slower, more stable environment. Business owner Seang Bot has been investing in CSX stocks for four years. “I prefer stocks for their stability and lower risk,” he explained. “But I understand why younger people are drawn to crypto and forex—those platforms offer more options and more excitement.”

He pointed out that CSX’s limited number of listed companies, low trading volume, and minimal price movement are all contributing factors to the market’s sluggish pace. “It’s difficult to make a profit when nothing’s really moving,” he added.

Still, CSX officials remain optimistic. Acting Director of Market Operations, Try Taihy, emphasized that Cambodian stocks can offer annual returns between 10% and 25% for those who are patient and strategic. He acknowledges the platform isn’t ideal for short-term traders, but sees it as an opportunity for long-term wealth creation.

Efforts Underway to Modernize the Market

To close the gap between the CSX and younger investors, regulatory authorities under FSDP 2016–2025 are taking steps to modernize the market. Key efforts include simplifying the IPO process, encouraging more private and state-owned enterprises to list, and introducing new financial products like derivatives and commodities.

Also read: What Is the National Single Window System, and How Can It Streamline Trade Procedures in Cambodia?

Financial education is another priority. Awareness campaigns, interactive seminars, and official Telegram channels now provide more accessible information. Additionally, CSX plans to release a more modern and user-friendly trading platform later this year, aiming to attract a tech-savvy audience.

A Market with Potential, But Work to Do

As of Q1 2025, CSX hosts only 11 listed companies, supports around 60,000 trading accounts, and maintains a modest market capitalization of KHR 24,472 million. A 10% daily price movement limit helps reduce volatility and protect retail investors—an approach that sets it apart from more volatile global markets.

This mechanism proved effective during the global shockwave in April 2025, when U.S. President Donald Trump’s tariff announcement caused widespread market losses. While regional stock exchanges had to activate circuit breakers, CSX remained stable thanks to its built-in safeguards and smaller scale.

But stability alone is not enough to draw in younger generations. Digital investment spaces thrive on instant updates, community engagement, and eye-catching content, often driven by influencers. In contrast, CSX has been called out for its outdated interface, lack of visibility, and overall sluggishness.

What Needs to Change?

So what can CSX do to change its narrative among young Cambodians?

Investor Seang Bot has a few ideas: “Host events, offer training sessions, provide modern tools, and maybe even gamify the experience. Make it fun and useful.”

Taihy confirmed that improvements are underway. With new educational programs, better communication through social media, and a refreshed trading interface in the pipeline, the CSX is slowly but surely repositioning itself for the future.

Also read: Cambodia’s E-Commerce Surge: A 2025 Snapshot for Business Leaders

Even skeptics like Seab Sat and TOP V are keeping an open mind. “If the platform improves and more companies go public, I’ll definitely consider investing again,” said TOP V. “There’s potential, but it needs that extra push.”

Final Thoughts

Cambodia’s stock market is not without merit. It provides a stable, long-term investment option that could become a pillar of economic development. But for now, the thrill of forex, the innovation of blockchain, and the power of social media have taken center stage in the minds of young investors.

To truly connect with Cambodia’s next generation of investors, the CSX must evolve—modernizing its platform, expanding its offerings, and actively engaging with the communities it hopes to serve. The future is still wide open. But unless the market makes meaningful changes, young Cambodians may continue looking elsewhere for their financial adventures.

What do you think will help make Cambodia’s stock market more attractive for young investors? Share your thoughts in the comments!