The Arrival of Phnom Penh’s Pub Street: A New Era for Nightlife.

Phnom Penh is on the brink of adding a crucial element to its vibrant and growing nightlife scene: a dedicated Pub Street. As one of Southeast Asia’s fastest-growing cities, Phnom Penh has been recognized for its rich cultural history, strategic location, and bustling urban life. But despite the city’s rapid rise, it has lacked one thing that many neighboring cities possess: a lively, centralized nightlife hub.

This is set to change, with plans for the much-anticipated Phnom Penh Pub Street set to materialize by year-end.

A Long-Overdue Addition

For years, tourists and locals alike have enjoyed Phnom Penh’s nightlife in a somewhat scattered fashion. The city is home to various trendy bars, clubs, and restaurants, but there has never been a single designated area for revelers to converge. This is where the vision of a Phnom Penh Pub Street comes into play. Governor Khuong Sreng announced a well-defined plan in April, outlining the location, structure, and timeline for the project.

Modeled after the famous Pub Street in Siem Reap, Phnom Penh’s version aims to create a more organized nightlife district, designed to enhance the city’s growing reputation as a destination for tourists and locals. The location for Pub Street will be in the Wat Phnom commune, specifically near the Cambodia Post Office in Daun Penh district. The area is already a historical and cultural hub, and with the addition of Pub Street, it is set to become the heart of Phnom Penh’s nightlife.

The Layout of Phnom Penh Pub Street

The new Pub Street will be divided into three distinct zones, each catering to different aspects of the entertainment experience. The pedestrian zone will cover a massive 57-hectare area, with a clear focus on making the space accessible and exciting for all types of visitors.

1. The Commercial Zone (3.3 hectares): This area, located in front of the Cambodia Post Office, will focus on food and shopping. Bordering Street 94, Street 106, Street 13, and Preah Sisowath Quay, this zone will feature a variety of restaurants and shops, making it a perfect daytime destination that transitions smoothly into an evening hotspot.
2. The Main Pub and Food District (20.7 hectares): Covering a larger area between Street 106, Street 184, Street 13, and Preah Sisowath Quay, this zone will be dedicated to the nightlife scene, featuring bars, pubs, and restaurants. This district will form the core of Pub Street, where visitors can expect an exciting mix of local and international food, drinks, and music.
3. The Sightseeing Zone (34 hectares): The third zone will focus on leisure and tourism, with sightseeing spots that enhance the overall experience. Spanning from Street 184 to Sihanouk Blvd, this zone will offer a more laid-back vibe with picturesque views and cultural landmarks, adding a unique charm to the nightlife district.

What Pub Street Means for Phnom Penh?

Phnom Penh’s nightlife has long been regarded as diverse, with something for everyone, from expats to tourists and locals. The new Pub Street will provide a centralized area that brings together various elements of the city’s entertainment offerings, making it more accessible and dynamic.

With Phnom Penh being described as the “Bali of the Mekong region,” this project is poised to elevate the city’s status even further. The street will attract not only tourists but also expats and locals looking for a fun night out. According to Khmer Times, discussions with Millennials and Gen Z reveal excitement for a space where people can socialize, enjoy music, and indulge in great food and drinks. As the city continues to develop, the need for a Pub Street has become increasingly apparent, and it is expected to make Phnom Penh even more appealing to visitors.

Phnom Penh’s Current Nightlife Hotspots

Currently, Phnom Penh’s nightlife is scattered across various districts, with hotspots like Bassac Lane, Riverside, and BKK1 leading the way. Bars such as Samai Distillery, Metropole, and Birdcage Boutique are popular among both locals and expats, each offering something unique.

Expats like French national Sylvaine Colle praise Samai for its combination of distillery and bar, which offers a distinct experience with live music and a vibrant atmosphere. Similarly, Bassac Lane is a favorite for those who enjoy bar-hopping and mingling with a diverse crowd. From Back Street Bar to Love Club, this area has established itself as a go-to spot for nightlife.

Looking Ahead: A Boost to the Local Economy

The establishment of a designated Pub Street is not just about enhancing nightlife; it is also expected to boost the local economy by attracting more tourists and creating new business opportunities for locals. Similar to Siem Reap’s Pub Street, which became a major tourist draw, Phnom Penh’s version is anticipated to have the same effect. Restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues will likely see a surge in customers, particularly as international travel returns to pre-pandemic levels.

Additionally, Pub Street will coincide with significant events, such as New Year’s Eve, creating an attractive destination for celebrations. Its development will be in line with Phnom Penh’s efforts to establish itself as a cosmopolitan city on par with other major Southeast Asian capitals.

A New Chapter for Phnom Penh Nightlife

As Phnom Penh gears up for the launch of its very own Pub Street, the city is on the verge of an exciting transformation. The dedicated nightlife zone will centralize the capital’s already thriving scene, offering a space where locals and tourists can come together to enjoy food, drinks, and entertainment.

With an official plan in place and the project scheduled for completion by year-end, Phnom Penh Pub Street promises to inject new life into the city’s after-dark culture. For a city as dynamic as Phnom Penh, this is one more step toward solidifying its place as a must-visit destination in Southeast Asia.

Feel free to share your thoughts on this exciting development in the comments below!

The History and Importance of Fish in Cambodia

Cambodia is a country blessed with rich freshwater resources, which have shaped its history, culture, and economy. The abundant rivers, lakes, and streams, particularly the mighty Mekong River and the iconic Tonle Sap Lake, have been lifelines for the Cambodian people for centuries. Fish have played a central role in Cambodia’s historical development, not only as a staple food but also as a source of livelihood and cultural significance.

The history of fishing in Cambodia dates back to the ancient Khmer Empire. The Angkor civilization thrived in part due to its ability to harness the resources of Tonle Sap Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia. During the Khmer Empire, the fish harvested from these waters were essential to sustaining the empire’s massive population. Fishing techniques, some of which are still used today, were developed during this period, reflecting the vital role of fish in the survival and growth of the Khmer people.

Today, fish continue to hold a special place in Cambodian society. With more than 75% of Cambodia’s population living in rural areas, fishing is a key source of protein and income for millions. Fish consumption is deeply ingrained in the culture, and the country’s culinary traditions are centered around freshwater species. In this blog post, we’ll explore the popularity of fish in Cambodia, the types of fish found in its waters, fishing practices, and where to buy and enjoy this integral part of Cambodian life.

Is Fish Popular in Cambodia?

Absolutely. Fish is one of the most popular foods in Cambodia. It forms the backbone of the Cambodian diet, particularly in rural areas where fish is a daily staple. According to the WorldFish Center, an estimated 75% of the animal protein consumed by Cambodians comes from fish. This is largely due to the accessibility of freshwater fish in the country’s vast network of rivers, lakes, and rice paddies.

Cambodians enjoy a variety of fish dishes, from the famous “amok trey” (a steamed fish curry wrapped in banana leaves) to dried and smoked fish, which is often eaten as a snack or accompaniment to rice. Fish are not only consumed fresh but are also preserved in many ways, such as drying, smoking, fermenting, and salting. This makes fish available year-round, even during the dry season when fresh fish might be scarce.

Does Cambodia Have a Lot of Fish?

Yes, Cambodia is one of the most fish-abundant countries in Southeast Asia. The Tonle Sap Lake alone is home to an estimated 500 species of fish, making it one of the world’s richest inland fisheries. The Mekong River, which flows through Cambodia, is another significant source of freshwater fish and is known to support diverse aquatic life.

The flooding of the Tonle Sap Lake during the rainy season creates an ideal breeding ground for fish, which thrive in the nutrient-rich waters. As the floodwaters recede during the dry season, fish become concentrated, making it easier for fishermen to catch them in large numbers. In fact, the Tonle Sap Lake is often referred to as the “beating heart” of Cambodia’s fisheries, as it produces more than half of the country’s fish.

What Is Cambodia’s Largest Fish?

Cambodia is home to several large fish species, but the Mekong giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas) is by far the largest. This enormous species, native to the Mekong River, can grow up to 3 meters (10 feet) in length and weigh as much as 300 kilograms (660 pounds). The Mekong giant catfish is a critically endangered species, and efforts are being made to protect its dwindling population, but its size and status make it a symbol of Cambodia’s rich aquatic biodiversity.

Another notable large fish is the giant freshwater stingray (Urogymnus polylepis), which is found in the Mekong River and can reach lengths of up to 5 meters (16 feet) including its tail, and weigh up to 600 kilograms (1,300 pounds), making it one of the largest freshwater fish in the world.

What Fish Are Found in Cambodia?

Cambodia’s freshwater ecosystems are teeming with fish species. Some of the most common and popular species include:

1. Trey Riel – This small silver fish is perhaps the most commonly eaten fish in Cambodia. It is often used to make prahok, a fermented fish paste that is a staple in Cambodian cuisine.
2. Trey Chhdaur – A type of catfish that is highly prized for its tender, white flesh.
3. Trey Domrei – Known as the “elephant fish,” this species is highly sought after and often appears in local markets.
4. Trey Kanchos – A species of carp that is commonly found in rivers and lakes.
5. Trey Andeng – Another popular fish often used in traditional soups and stews.

Tonle Sap Lake and the Mekong River host hundreds of species, many of which are critical to Cambodia’s food security and economy.

What Is the National Fish of Cambodia?

The Trey Riel (Cambodian mud carp) is often considered the national fish of Cambodia. It is integral to Cambodian culture, cuisine, and economy. This small, resilient fish is commonly used to make prahok, the famous fermented fish paste that is a key ingredient in many Cambodian dishes. Prahok has such cultural significance that it’s often referred to as the “Cambodian cheese.” Trey Riel is also featured on the country’s currency, underscoring its importance to the nation.

When and Where Can I Catch Fish in Cambodia?

Fishing in Cambodia is closely tied to the seasons. The best time for fishing is during the dry season, from September to April. As the floodwaters from the rainy season recede, fish become concentrated in smaller bodies of water, making them easier to catch.

Some of the best places to fish in Cambodia include:

• Tonle Sap Lake: As the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia, Tonle Sap is the primary fishing ground for millions of Cambodians. During the dry season, the fish population becomes more accessible, and local fishermen often use traditional methods to catch them.
• Mekong River: This mighty river is home to some of Cambodia’s most famous fish species, including the giant catfish and freshwater stingray. Fishing in the Mekong is an age-old tradition for many communities living along its banks.
• Rice paddies and ponds: During the rainy season, rice paddies and ponds across the country fill up with water, creating perfect breeding grounds for fish. After the rains subside, these areas become hotspots for small-scale fishing, providing rural families with a crucial food source.

Where Can I Buy Fish in Cambodia?

Fish markets are found in nearly every town and city in Cambodia, with Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, and Battambang having some of the largest and most diverse offerings. Some popular places to buy fish include:

• Phnom Penh Central Market (Phsar Thmei): A bustling marketplace where you can find an array of fresh fish and seafood, including local favorites like catfish, carp, and mudfish.
• Siem Reap Old Market: Located near the tourist hub of Siem Reap, this market offers a variety of fresh fish caught daily from Tonle Sap Lake.
• Battambang Market: Known for its fresh produce and fish, Battambang Market is an excellent place to buy locally caught fish, especially those from nearby rivers and lakes.

Additionally, supermarkets and specialty shops in urban areas offer frozen and preserved fish for those seeking convenience.

What’s the Deal with Smoked Fish in Cambodia?

Smoked fish is a popular delicacy in Cambodia, known for its rich, savory flavor. The smoking process enhances the taste and extends the shelf life of the fish, making it an excellent option for long-term storage, especially in rural areas where refrigeration might not be readily available.

You can find smoked fish in local markets across the country, especially in areas close to large bodies of water like Tonle Sap Lake. The best-smoked fish is often made by local families using traditional methods that have been passed down through generations. It’s a popular snack and is often eaten with rice or used as an ingredient in soups and stews.

Some of the most famous places to buy smoked fish include:

• Phsar Chas (Old Market) in Phnom Penh: Known for its wide variety of smoked fish, Phsar Chas is a popular spot for locals and tourists alike.
• Tonle Sap Floating Villages: In these unique communities, many families smoke fish as a way of preserving their catch, and visitors can buy directly from them.

Smoked fish is also exported to neighboring countries, thanks to its long shelf life and distinctive taste.

Conclusion

Fish is not just a source of food in Cambodia; it is an integral part of the country’s history, culture, and economy. From the ancient Khmer Empire to modern-day Cambodia, fish has sustained the nation and played a pivotal role in its culinary traditions. With its rich freshwater ecosystems, including the Tonle Sap Lake and the Mekong River, Cambodia is blessed with an abundance of fish species that support the livelihoods of millions of people.

From the humble Trey Riel to the majestic Mekong giant catfish, Cambodia’s waters are home to an incredible diversity of fish. Whether you’re catching fish in the rice paddies, buying fresh fish from a bustling market, or enjoying the smoky richness of a traditional Cambodian dish, fish will always hold a special place in the hearts and stomachs of the Cambodian people.

What about you? Have you ever tried Cambodian fish dishes? What’s your favorite? Let us know in the comments below and share your thoughts on why fish is so important to Cambodia.

The Future of Work in Cambodia: Top 10 Jobs AI Will Replace and How to Adapt.

Understanding AI and Its Impact in Cambodia

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed various sectors worldwide, including Cambodia. Its origins date back to the mid-20th century, with pioneers like Alan Turing laying the groundwork for machine learning and neural networks. Fast forward to today, AI technologies are embedded in our daily lives, enhancing everything from healthcare to finance. In Cambodia, AI’s adoption is growing, primarily in sectors like agriculture, logistics, and manufacturing.

As Cambodian society embraces digital transformation, the question arises: what jobs will AI replace, and how can professionals and students prepare for this impending change?

Prime Minister Hun Manet has emphasized the importance of adapting to technological advancements, stating, “Embracing innovation and technology is crucial for our national development” (source: Cambodian Government News).

In this blog post, we’ll explore the top ten jobs most likely to be replaced by AI, the skills Cambodians should acquire to thrive alongside AI, and some popular AI tools that can aid in this transition.

The Top 10 Jobs Likely to be Replaced by AI

1. Data Entry Clerks

Data entry is one of the most vulnerable professions to automation. AI systems can process and input data with speed and accuracy, drastically reducing the need for human data entry clerks. As companies adopt AI for data management, individuals in this role will find their jobs increasingly at risk.

2. Telemarketers

Telemarketing has been on the decline, and with the rise of AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants, this trend is expected to continue. AI can efficiently handle customer inquiries, perform follow-ups, and even sell products without human intervention.

3. Retail Cashiers

As retail shifts towards automation, self-service kiosks and AI-driven checkout systems are becoming commonplace. This trend not only improves efficiency but also minimizes human error, making traditional cashier roles less relevant.

4. Manufacturing Workers

In Cambodia’s manufacturing sector, AI and robotics are increasingly used for repetitive tasks. As factories adopt smart technologies, many assembly line jobs may be replaced, pushing workers to seek new skills in automation management and robotics.

5. Transportation and Delivery Services

With advancements in autonomous vehicles and drones, jobs in transportation and delivery are at significant risk. AI can optimize delivery routes and operate vehicles, potentially reducing the demand for human drivers.

6. Customer Service Representatives

AI chatbots are already handling customer service inquiries for many companies. These systems can provide instant responses and operate 24/7, making them an attractive alternative to human representatives, especially for routine questions.

7. Bank Tellers

With the rise of online banking and AI-driven financial services, the role of bank tellers is diminishing. Automated systems can process transactions, analyze customer data, and offer personalized services, which were once the domain of human tellers.

8. Administrative Assistants

AI can manage schedules, handle correspondence, and perform various administrative tasks, making traditional administrative assistant roles vulnerable to automation.

9. Market Research Analysts

AI can analyze large datasets far more efficiently than human analysts. With the ability to draw insights from consumer behavior patterns and market trends, AI can take over tasks that were previously performed by market research analysts.

10. Real Estate Agents

AI tools can streamline property searches, price evaluations, and even virtual tours. As these technologies evolve, the traditional role of real estate agents may be challenged, requiring them to adapt or find new niches.

What Cambodians Should Learn to Work with AI

As AI continues to reshape the job market, it is essential for Cambodians—both professionals and students—to focus on developing skills that will be in demand in an AI-driven economy. Here are some key areas to consider:

1. Digital Literacy

Understanding digital tools and platforms is fundamental. Courses in basic computing, software applications, and online communication are vital for all job seekers.

2. Data Analysis

As data becomes the new currency, skills in data analysis will be highly valued. Learning statistical software and programming languages such as Python or R can provide a significant advantage.

3. AI and Machine Learning

Understanding how AI works, its applications, and its limitations will help professionals remain relevant. Many online platforms offer courses on AI and machine learning.

4. Creative Problem Solving

While AI excels in routine tasks, human creativity and problem-solving skills remain unparalleled. Emphasizing critical thinking and creativity in education can prepare future leaders.

5. Emotional Intelligence

Jobs requiring empathy, communication, and relationship-building will be less susceptible to automation. Enhancing emotional intelligence can foster better interpersonal skills.

6. Adaptability

The ability to adapt to new technologies and workflows is crucial. Developing a mindset geared toward lifelong learning will be essential in navigating the future job landscape.

7. Collaboration Skills

Teamwork will remain vital, especially in environments where humans and AI work side by side. Cultivating collaboration skills will be key to success in various sectors.

8. AI Ethics and Policy Understanding

As AI becomes more prevalent, understanding its ethical implications and the legal landscape will be increasingly important. This knowledge will help ensure responsible AI deployment.

Popular AI Tools for Cambodians to Explore

To navigate this changing landscape, Cambodians can leverage various AI tools that enhance productivity and learning:

1. Google Cloud AI – A suite of AI tools for data analysis and machine learning.
2. IBM Watson – Offers solutions for businesses, including natural language processing and predictive analytics.
3. ChatGPT – Useful for content generation, customer service automation, and language translation.
4. Tableau – A data visualization tool that helps in understanding complex datasets.
5. Zapier – Connects different apps and automates workflows, streamlining various tasks.
6. Canva – Integrates AI for graphic design, making it easier for non-designers to create visuals.
7. Hootsuite – Utilizes AI for social media management and analytics.
8. Grammarly – An AI writing assistant that enhances grammar and style in writing.
9. Trello – A project management tool that incorporates AI for task organization.
10. Khan Academy – Offers AI-driven personalized learning experiences, particularly beneficial for students.

Embrace Change and Share Your Thoughts

The future of work in Cambodia is undoubtedly intertwined with AI. While many jobs will be replaced, new opportunities will emerge for those who are prepared. As Prime Minister Hun Manet noted, “Our youth must be equipped with the skills to thrive in an AI-driven world” (source: Khmer Times).

The responsibility lies with individuals, educational institutions, and policymakers to ensure that Cambodians are ready to embrace these changes.

We encourage you to share your thoughts on this topic. How do you feel about the rise of AI in Cambodia? What skills do you think are essential for the future? Join the conversation and let’s navigate this exciting but challenging future together.

1. Why Visit Angkor Wat?

Angkor Wat is not just a temple; it’s an icon of Cambodia, representing the country’s rich history, culture, and spiritual heritage. Whether you’re a history buff, an architectural enthusiast, or simply someone who enjoys discovering new places, visiting Angkor Wat should be on your travel bucket list.

Angkor Wat, the largest religious monument in the world, was originally built as a Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu in the 12th century by King Suryavarman II. Later, it transformed into a Buddhist temple, reflecting Cambodia’s religious evolution. Its grandeur and historical significance draw millions of visitors every year. Angkor Wat’s intricate carvings, massive scale, and stunning symmetry make it a masterpiece of Khmer architecture.

Although Angkor Wat is not officially included in the New Seven Wonders of the World, it remains one of the most significant ancient wonders globally. It was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992, further solidifying its global cultural and historical importance.

Related: 10 Things You Need to Know Before Traveling to Cambodia

Angkor Wat is often ranked among the top must-visit historical sites globally. It has been listed as one of the best landmarks by TripAdvisor, often outshining other famous historical sites like the Great Wall of China and Machu Picchu.

To enter Angkor Wat, you will need to purchase a ticket, commonly referred to as the Angkor Pass. Tickets can be bought at the official Angkor Enterprise Ticket Office. Here’s an overview of the ticket prices:

The ticket office is located about 4 km from Siem Reap city, and it’s essential to purchase your ticket before entering the Angkor Archaeological Park.

2. History of Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat’s history is intertwined with the rise and fall of the Khmer Empire. Its construction reflects the political and religious transformation of the region, initially built as a Hindu temple and later converted to Buddhism.

Angkor Wat was built as both a temple and a mausoleum for King Suryavarman II. It was designed to reflect the Hindu cosmology, particularly the mythological Mount Meru, the home of the gods. The temple was dedicated to Vishnu, one of the principal deities in Hinduism. Over the centuries, as the Khmer Empire transitioned from Hinduism to Buddhism, Angkor Wat transformed into a Buddhist site.

3. What Was Angkor Wat Built For?

Angkor Wat was primarily built for religious and political purposes. It was the state temple of the Khmer Empire, and its design reflects the Hindu universe, with its central towers symbolizing the peaks of Mount Meru. King Suryavarman II intended it to be a monument to his reign and his devotion to Vishnu.

Beyond its religious significance, Angkor Wat also served as a symbol of the king’s divine right to rule, showcasing the empire’s architectural and artistic achievements.

4. Design, Layout, and Structure of Angkor Wat Architecture

Angkor Wat is an architectural marvel, known for its precise and symmetrical layout, designed in the classical Khmer style. The temple complex covers an area of over 162 hectares and is surrounded by a vast moat.

Key Features of the Design:

• Symmetry: Angkor Wat’s design is perfectly symmetrical along its central axis.
• Towers: The central sanctuary has five lotus-shaped towers that represent the five peaks of Mount Meru.
• Orientation: Unlike most Khmer temples that face east, Angkor Wat faces west, which has led scholars to believe it may have had funerary significance.

5. How to Get There from Phnom Penh and Travel Time

Getting to Angkor Wat from Phnom Penh is convenient with multiple transportation options available. The choice depends on your preference for comfort, time, and budget.

6. What Can You Expect to See at Angkor Wat?

Visitors to Angkor Wat can expect to experience a blend of spiritual awe, architectural grandeur, and historical richness. Below are some of the key highlights you can explore:

Click here to explore Angkor Wat on Google Maps and get a detailed map for navigation.

7. Best Months and Times to Visit Angkor Wat

The best time to visit Angkor Wat is during the dry season, which runs from November to March. This is when the weather is cooler and more comfortable for exploring the expansive temple complex. Additionally, visiting early in the morning (before sunrise) or late afternoon (before sunset) offers stunning views and cooler temperatures.

• Best months: November to March.
• Best time: Early morning (5:00 AM for sunrise) or late afternoon (4:00 PM to sunset).
• Recommended duration: 2–3 days to explore Angkor Wat and nearby temples.

For a complete Angkor Wat experience, plan for a budget of approximately $100–$200 per day, depending on accommodation, transportation, food, and entrance fees.

8. Other Temples to Visit Nearby Angkor Wat

The Angkor Archaeological Park is home to several other stunning temples that are just as magnificent as Angkor Wat.

Each temple offers a unique experience, showcasing the artistic and architectural diversity of the Khmer Empire.

9. Besides Angkor Wat, What Are the Best 7 Places to Visit?

Siem Reap is more than just temples; there are many other fascinating places to explore.

These sites offer a rich blend of culture, history, and entertainment beyond the temples of Angkor.

10. Where to Stay and Why?

There are numerous accommodation options in Siem Reap, from budget hostels to luxurious resorts. Below are seven recommended places to stay:

11. What Things to Buy and Where to Buy Them?

Siem Reap offers a variety of shopping opportunities for visitors. Here are the top five places to buy unique souvenirs and local products:

12. Is It Safe to Travel to Angkor Wat?

Angkor Wat and Siem Reap are generally safe for tourists. However, it’s always a good idea to follow standard safety practices, such as avoiding isolated areas at night and safeguarding your belongings.

Here are some emergency contact numbers for Siem Reap:

13. What Food to Taste and Where?

Siem Reap is known for its diverse culinary offerings, ranging from street food to fine dining. Here are some must-try Cambodian dishes and where to find them:

14. What Not to Do at Angkor Wat

Respecting local customs and rules is essential when visiting Angkor Wat. Here are a few things you should avoid:

15. Best Facebook Communities for Siem Reap Visitors

Joining local Facebook groups can provide valuable tips and assistance during your visit to Siem Reap. Here are a few popular groups:

Siem Reap Expats: https://www.facebook.com/groups/siemreapexpats

Angkor Times Community: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385841598281235

Cambodia is witnessing the largest rise in the working-age population, compared to any other country in the region. This demographic advantage can bring economic dividends as well but only through the right policies. Khmer Times looks into the recent study of the Mekong Strategic Capital on the advantages of a rising young population and also shares the opinions of experts who call for a strategic shift in the management of the country’s vital human resources to achieve the High-Income Country goal by 2050.

Cambodia’s demographic advantage of having a young population is profound. A study report released by Mekong Strategic Capital (MSC) earlier this month revealed that for the 2021-2050 period, the working-age population of Cambodia will rise by 24 percent, the biggest in the region.

Compared to this, in neighbouring Vietnam, the growth will only be by one percent, while in Thailand, the working-age population of this category is projected to decline by 23 percent and in China by 22 percent.

But the moot question now remains: Can Cambodia translate this demographic advantage into an economic advantage as well, especially to achieve its goals of becoming an Upper Middle-Income country by 2030 and a High-Income Country by 2050?

The MSC report, even while proclaiming that “Cambodia stands out as a clear winner” as such a young population could ensure another 20 years or more of rapid economic growth in the country, cautiously added that it needs to implement certain changes or avoid the mistakes of other countries that failed to capitalize on such advantages in the past.

Out of Cambodia’s total population of over 16 million, more than 60 percent are under the age of 35. With a labour force participation rate of about 80 percent, Cambodia has a young and active workforce that can serve all sectors of a business or investment, the study revealed.

The literacy rate in Cambodia is also growing rapidly, reaching almost 90 percent in 2019. Since 2008, the employment rate has increased with the support of the industry.

While discussing the report with Khmer Times, Thong Mengdavid, Geopolitical Analyst and Lecturer at the Institute for International Studies and Public Policy (IISPP) at the Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP), agreed that that the demographic advantage is huge, but at the same time Cambodia needs to manage it well.

“There is a clear prospect for Cambodia to become a high-income country by 2050, but this presupposes sustained effort in several key areas,” Mengdavid said.

In his opinion, Cambodia needs to invest more in its youth such as through education, training in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) fields, and soft skills for productivity and competitiveness to benefit fully from this demographic dividend.

At the same time, the country needs to attract more investment to sustain the growth made in the past. “Cambodia should create a favourable investment environment by simplifying legal procedures and offering tax incentives, especially from multinational corporations. Increased investor confidence will lead to more capital flowing into Cambodia, stimulating economic growth,” Mengdavid pointed out.

In addition, according to him, Cambodia should transition from a labour-intensive economy to a high-value industrial one. Key areas for growth include agricultural modernization, digital economy, and green industries, which hold the potential for value creation and sustainable development.

Mengdavid added that infrastructure development is also crucial. Better logistics, transportation, energy, and internet connectivity will enable more efficient economic activity and bring more prosperity, particularly in rural areas.

“Finally, policy reform and good governance are vital for long-term success. Strengthening institutional reforms that ensure transparency, accountability, and the rule of law will secure investor confidence for sustainable and inclusive growth,” he said.

‘Pay more attention to education’
Technology Expert Niraj Gupta who is also Director of Macro Computing Solutions Co. Ltd, told Khmer Times that Cambodia stands at a pivotal point to transform this demographic advantage into economic prosperity.

Niraj too stressed that to capitalize on this opportunity, strategic investments in education and skill development are essential.

“Equipping the youth with advanced technical skills is paramount. By prioritizing STEM education and vocational training, we can create a workforce that meets the demands of a rapidly evolving global economy. This includes not only traditional sectors but also emerging industries like information technology, renewable energy, and advanced manufacturing,” he said.

Leap Sok, founder of Cambodian startup Sala, an all-in-one platform that supports students and youth in finding college majors, and skill training, agreed that the demographic dividend of the country presents a significant opportunity for economic growth.

“However, translating this into an economic advantage will require addressing key challenges, particularly the skills gap that currently limits the productivity and employability of the Cambodian workforce,” Sok told Khmer Times.

In his view, to fully harness this demographic dividend, Cambodia needs to take decisive action in three key areas. First, the skills development needs to be aligned with market needs. Cambodia must focus on strengthening vocational and technical education programs, particularly in high-growth sectors such as technology, digital economy, and engineering.

Second, promote digital and technical skills. Cambodia should also invest in digital literacy and STEM education from early levels through to higher education. By fostering expertise in computer science, artificial intelligence, and digital transformation, the country can create a workforce ready for both local and international markets. This is crucial to becoming a high-income country by 2050, Sok said.

The third key area should be entrepreneurship and innovation. Youth should not only be equipped for traditional employment but also be encouraged to become innovators and entrepreneurs.

Initiatives such as startup incubators, tech hubs, and government-backed innovation programmes can nurture young talent and create new economic opportunities, he added.

A growing young population in Cambodia is a fact, however, the country is also facing a high migration of workers and skilled professionals to overseas with better wages, pointed out Vichet Lor, Vice-President of Cambodia Chinese Commerce Association (CCCA).

According to him, Cambodia may end up with a shortage of labour as a result of this trend. “Cambodia needs to double its efforts towards attracting more foreign direct investments from industries and create more opportunities for medium-skilled and high-skilled workers within the country,” he said.

Vichet said that Cambodia should also capitalize on the growing young population by providing specialized training that is suited to current and future market employment demands.

While reacting to the MSC report, an official statement from the Ministry of Information said that the country’s growing young labour force will make Cambodia an attractive manufacturing destination for more investors, especially for the labour-intensive industries.

At the same time, more and more people in the region including in Cambodia are moving into the 30-49 age group, which is a group that needs and promotes credit in the economy and thereby the growth of financial services.

Quoting Lim Heng, Vice President of the Cambodia Chamber of Commerce, the statement said that human and technological factors are equally important for the economy.

“There is guidance from leaders to increase human resources, especially the country’s population to between 20 and 30 million so that the country can have more resources,” Heng noted.

According to Heng, the young workforce between 18 and 35 years old is a human resource to stimulate economic growth but it also requires expert guidance and training with specific skills. This calls for increased training programmes for young people.

Massive skills initiative
It may be noted that Prime Minister Hun Manet on November 14, 2023, launched a massive national vocational training programme for 1.5 million young people from poor and vulnerable families. The programme will provide at least one life skill to young people to increase their income.

According to the findings of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the share of Cambodians engaged in medium-and higher-level technical occupations constitutes only 10.7 percent of the total labour force in the country. This indicates the non-availability of suitably skilled local hands for such jobs and that many industries and service sectors in Cambodia are relying on foreign experts to fill those positions now.

The labour productivity in Cambodia calculated as $3.6 per hour worked remains lower than that of several other countries in the Southeast Asian region such as Vietnam ($7.3) and Indonesia ($13.1). This low productivity has been widely attributed to the absence of adequate skills education.

The move of the skills development initiative is to close this gap and equip more Cambodians with higher skills and higher income.

Moreover, fostering partnerships between educational institutions, the private sector, and government agencies can ensure that curricula are aligned with industry needs. Initiatives such as internships, apprenticeships, and mentorship programs can provide practical experience and enhance employability.

Investing in digital infrastructure and promoting digital literacy will also play a critical role. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, proficiency in digital tools and platforms will enable our youth to participate in global markets and attract foreign investment.

By taking these steps, Cambodia can effectively harness its demographic dividend, driving sustainable economic growth and moving closer to its goal of becoming a high-income country by 2050.

Moreover, according to the MSC study, there will be a billion retirees globally by 2050 (two-thirds in China and India) which constitutes an enormous market for tourism, aged care and retirement services.

The imperative to develop local, institutional investment will boost capital markets and lead to significant capital deepening. Cambodia can expect the value of local capital markets to rise exponentially over the next 20 years, the study said.

Meanwhile, the latest Skills Gap Assessment Report of the European Chamber of Commerce (EuroCham), disclosed that as many as 62 percent of companies in Cambodia planned to recruit more staff in 2024, with leadership, quality control and project management topping the list of most needed skills, according to The report, based on a survey participated by 106 companies, indicated the relative confidence of the business community about short-term economic growth in the country but it also highlighted the issue of skills shortage – both soft skills and technical skills.

Same way, in the ‘Cambodia Outlook for American and AmCham Member Businesses,’ 65 percent of businesses said they would increase their investments in the country in the next 12 months and 73 percent said they would hire more staff.

Again, 73 percent expected that they would increase their income in 2024, compared to 2023, indicating their continued confidence in the Cambodian economy.

It may be noted that Cambodia’s economy is projected to grow around six percent in 2024, arguably the fastest growth rate in the ASEAN region this year. Between 1998 and 2019, Cambodia also managed to have an average yearly growth of over seven percent, a major achievement for the war-torn country.

As an offshoot of this growth, Cambodia lifted 2.8 million people or 50 percent of the country’s total poor out of poverty in the last seven and half years, disclosed the UNDP Country Programme Document 2024-2028.

In the past seven and a half years, multidimensional poverty fell from 36.7 percent to 16.6 percent and the number of people living in poverty dropped from 5.6 million to 2.8 million. Cambodia’s total population is estimated at 16.9 million.

However, the document added that income inequality is high in the country and large gender and rural-urban gaps persist. Despite a high rate of labour force participation, women face obstacles in accessing financing and are underrepresented in senior and high-salary jobs in many sectors, it said.

Although Cambodia regressed to 2018-equivalent Human Development Index (HDI) levels in 2020 and 2021 in the aftermath of Covid-19, the HDI increased by 57 percent overall since 1990, placing the country in the medium human development category.

It may also be recalled that the UN’s preliminary evaluation for the 2024 triennial review has found Cambodia in a good position for exiting the Least Developed Country (LDC) status with the country scoring well in all three relevant criteria.

While Cambodia’s Gross National Income (GNI) per capita score of $1,546 is well above the threshold of $1,306 set for graduation, it achieved a good score of 77.7 on the Human Assets Index (HAI), which is above the graduation threshold of 66 or more.

The Kingdom progressed well in the Economic and Environmental Index as well with a score of 23.3 (the threshold is 32 or below).

Source: Khmer Times