Cambodia’s e-commerce sector is no longer a future promise—it’s a present-day force. With projections setting the market to exceed $1.78 billion by the end of 2025, according to the iTrade Bulletin (March 2025) from the Ministry of Commerce, the Kingdom is undergoing one of its most transformative digital revolutions. For business owners, digital entrepreneurs, and aspiring e-commerce founders, Cambodia’s trajectory signals a unique and profitable frontier in Southeast Asia’s expanding digital economy.

The Digital Surge Behind the Boom

At the heart of Cambodia’s e-commerce explosion lies a fusion of mobile connectivity, social commerce, and the widespread adoption of digital payments. Mobile and internet subscriptions reached 21.9 million in 2024, covering a significant portion of the population, according to the iTrade Bulletin. This connectivity has become the backbone of Cambodia’s online economy, empowering consumers to shop with unprecedented convenience and frequency.

Crucially, digital transactions have overtaken traditional cash-based methods. QR code payments now account for 47.15% of all transactions, followed by cash (26.5%), mobile money transfers (13.3%), and other digital methods (13.05%). Dominating this fintech revolution is ABA Bank, which holds a 46.89% market share, followed by ACLEDA Bank (30.9%) and Wing Bank (17.02%). These financial players are not just enabling purchases—they’re setting the pace for Cambodia’s digital economy.

The Social Commerce Wave

Cambodian consumers are deeply influenced by social media, with platforms like Facebook, TikTok, Khmer24, and Taobao shaping purchasing behavior. In 2024, Cambodia recorded 11.65 million Facebook users and 9.96 million TikTok users—a staggering digital footprint for a nation of around 17 million people.

These platforms aren’t just tools for connection—they’re vibrant marketplaces. Fashion, cosmetics, and food products dominate the virtual shopping carts, with the average customer spending between $11 and $50 per transaction at least once per month. The visual and interactive nature of TikTok and Facebook has made them central to product discovery, reviews, and trust-building in the absence of large-scale local marketplaces like Lazada or Shopee.

E-Commerce’s Impact on GDP and Regional Influence

In financial terms, e-commerce contributed $1.51 billion, or 6.68% of Cambodia’s GDP in 2024, highlighting its critical role in national economic development (source: iTrade Bulletin, March 2025). While Cambodia represents 1.3% of the ASEAN e-commerce market—projected to grow from $116.36 billion in 2024 to $137.24 billion in 2025—this share is steadily climbing, illustrating Cambodia’s increasing integration into Southeast Asia’s digital trade ecosystem.

Logistics and Infrastructure: The Road Ahead

However, the journey isn’t without hurdles. The E-commerce 2024 Report identifies several key challenges that continue to impact consumer confidence and operational efficiency: product fraud, inconsistent quality, high delivery fees, and delays. Logistics bottlenecks remain a serious concern, especially for rural deliveries, exacerbated by limited warehousing space, poor digital infrastructure, and high transportation costs.

Despite these barriers, innovation is closing the gap. A wave of investments in digital tracking, third-party logistics (3PL), and smarter warehousing solutions are beginning to ease pressure on supply chains. Companies such as Vireak Buntham are leading the charge by offering faster delivery times and wider service coverage, including in-town delivery under an hour and cross-province shipping within two days, reflecting evolving consumer expectations.

Governmental Reforms Pave the Way

The Cambodian government is not sitting idly by. In response to the sector’s growing economic impact, policymakers have implemented robust legal and administrative frameworks to support e-commerce players. Among these are:

• A national e-commerce law providing legal clarity for online transactions
• Trust mark systems to verify and build consumer trust in e-commerce vendors
• Streamlined VAT registration for digital businesses
• Digital literacy programs to empower entrepreneurs and consumers
• Roadmaps for digital governance and private sector engagement

These reforms signal that the government sees e-commerce as a pillar of Cambodia’s future economy—not a passing trend.

Rising Demand for Smart Devices and Electronics

The country’s love for online shopping is also fueling demand for tech hardware. According to Ministry of Commerce data, imports of electrical and electronic equipment reached $1.951 billion in 2024, marking a 23.7% year-on-year increase. Mobile phones alone accounted for $604.6 million, a figure driven by the need for better devices to participate in the digital economy—whether for social media, digital banking, or e-commerce selling.

This hardware boom represents a golden opportunity for importers, tech retailers, and digital services providers who want to tap into a tech-savvy and hungry consumer base.

The Rural Opportunity

While urban Cambodia—especially Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, and Sihanoukville—dominates e-commerce activity, rural regions remain largely untapped. The E-commerce 2024 Report notes that limited digital skills and inadequate infrastructure hinder online business expansion in provinces. However, this gap also represents one of the greatest opportunities for growth. Entrepreneurs and service providers who invest in last-mile logistics, regional fulfillment centers, and rural digital education will find themselves ahead of the curve.

What This Means for Business Owners and Entrepreneurs?

For local and foreign investors, the message is clear: Cambodia is ripe for e-commerce innovation. Whether you are running a digital storefront, managing logistics, providing payment solutions, or importing tech devices, the ecosystem is maturing fast.

The following areas offer the most promising business potential:

• Third-party logistics (3PL) with fast and reliable last-mile delivery
• Social commerce solutions for sellers using Facebook Live and TikTok
• E-commerce platforms and marketplaces tailored to Cambodian needs
• Digital marketing agencies that specialize in Khmer-language content
• Payment gateways and fintech apps that support mobile transactions
• Warehouse and fulfillment center development, particularly outside Phnom Penh
• Import and retail of smartphones and digital tools

Cambodia’s Digital Decade Has Begun

With a fast-growing digital population, a supportive government, and a hunger for online goods and services, Cambodia is entering a golden age of e-commerce. The projected $1.78 billion in revenue by 2025, the surge in mobile-driven transactions, and the country’s increasing integration into ASEAN’s digital economy make it an attractive destination for e-commerce investment.

But the road to success requires more than just a Facebook page or a product listing. Businesses must embrace reliability, digital literacy, fast logistics, and consumer trust as core pillars. As the infrastructure improves and digital tools become more accessible, those who adapt early will reap the biggest rewards.

Sources:

• iTrade Bulletin, March 2025 – Ministry of Commerce
• E-commerce 2024 Report – General Department of Taxation (GDT)
• Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications – 2024 telecom data
• ASEAN e-commerce market data – ASEANStats 2024

A reciprocal tariff is a trade policy tool that one country implements in response to tariffs imposed by another country on its exports. This form of tariff is designed to create a balanced trading environment by ensuring that no country gains an unfair advantage. By imposing reciprocal tariffs, a country aims to protect its domestic industries from potentially harmful foreign competition and encourage fair trade practices.

How Do Reciprocal Tariffs Work?

Reciprocal tariffs function by mirroring the trade restrictions of a partner country. For example, if Country A imposes a 10% tariff on imports from Country B, Country B may respond by imposing an equivalent 10% tariff on imports from Country A. This tit-for-tat approach is meant to pressure trading partners into more equitable trade agreements and discourage protectionist policies.

In some cases, reciprocal tariffs do not necessarily match the exact product category. For instance, if Country A imposes a 20% tariff on coffee imported from Country B, Country B may retaliate by imposing a 20% tariff on electronics imported from Country A. The goal is to apply economic pressure in strategic industries, compelling the other country to reconsider its tariff policies.

The Role of Reciprocal Tariffs in Trade Negotiations

Reciprocal tariffs are often used as a bargaining tool in international trade negotiations. When a country implements a reciprocal tariff, it sends a clear signal that it is willing to retaliate against trade barriers. This can encourage diplomatic discussions to resolve tariff disputes and pave the way for trade agreements that reduce or eliminate such barriers altogether.

A notable example is the US-China trade war, where the United States imposed tariffs on Chinese goods such as steel and aluminum. In retaliation, China placed tariffs on American products like soybeans and automobiles. Such actions often lead to prolonged negotiations aimed at restoring balanced trade relations.

Historical Context of Reciprocal Tariffs

Reciprocal tariffs have played a significant role in global trade history. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many European nations used reciprocal tariffs to protect their domestic markets from foreign competition. Before the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO), countries frequently engaged in tariff-based retaliation, leading to trade tensions and economic instability. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and later the WTO sought to regulate and reduce such protectionist measures, promoting multilateral trade agreements instead.

Advantages of Reciprocal Tariffs

While reciprocal tariffs can be controversial, they offer several benefits, including:

• Protection of Domestic Industries – By making imported goods more expensive, reciprocal tariffs help shield domestic businesses from foreign competitors that may have lower production costs.
• Encouraging Fair Trade Practices – When one country imposes unfair tariffs, reciprocal tariffs can serve as a countermeasure to level the playing field.
• Incentivizing Trade Agreements – Countries may be more willing to negotiate trade deals when faced with reciprocal tariffs, potentially leading to long-term trade liberalization and mutual economic benefits.

Potential Drawbacks of Reciprocal Tariffs

Despite their intended benefits, reciprocal tariffs also pose significant risks:

• Higher Consumer Prices – When tariffs increase the cost of imported goods, consumers may face higher prices for everyday products.
• Supply Chain Disruptions – Many industries rely on global supply chains, and reciprocal tariffs can make it more difficult and expensive for businesses to source materials and components.
• Risk of Trade Wars – If both sides continuously escalate tariffs, it can lead to a full-scale trade war, harming economic growth and global trade stability.

Conclusion

Reciprocal tariffs are a strategic tool in international trade policy, used to counteract unfair trade practices and protect domestic industries. While they can encourage fair trade and promote negotiations, they also carry risks such as increased consumer costs and potential trade wars. Governments must carefully balance the use of reciprocal tariffs to ensure they serve as a constructive mechanism rather than a destructive one in global commerce.

How Cambodia Will Be Impacted by the USA’s New Global Tariffs.

On April 3, 2025, US President Donald Trump announced a sweeping increase in global tariffs, calling it “American Liberation Day.” The policy is meant to boost the US economy by imposing higher tariffs on imports from various countries. Unfortunately, Cambodia is among the hardest-hit nations, facing a hefty 49% tariff on its exports to the United States.

So, what does this mean for Cambodia? Let’s break it down.

1. Cambodian Exports Face an Uphill Battle

The United States is a key export market for Cambodia, particularly in sectors like textiles, footwear, and agricultural products. With a 49% tariff, these goods will become significantly more expensive for American buyers, potentially reducing demand. This could hurt Cambodian manufacturers, exporters, and the thousands of workers who rely on these industries.

In 2024, trade between Cambodia and the United States exceeded $10 billion, marking an 11% increase compared to 2023.

Cambodia’s exports to the U.S. reached $9.9 billion, growing by over 11%.

Imports of American goods into Cambodia totaled approximately $260 million, reflecting a 2.7% increase.

According to data from the General Department of Customs and Excise of Cambodia, the United States remains Cambodia’s largest export market.

2. Job Losses and Economic Struggles

The garment industry is one of Cambodia’s largest employers, providing jobs for over 930,000 workers, many of whom are women. If American companies reduce their orders due to high tariffs, factories may struggle to stay afloat, leading to job cuts and economic instability.

The US market is a key revenue source for Cambodia’s garment, footwear, and travel goods (GFT) sector, which saw exports rise 50 percent to $14 billion last year. Minister Heng Sour highlighted the industry’s significance at the 2025 Textile Summit, noting 1,608 factories employing over 930,000 workers and its crucial role in Cambodia’s economy.

3. Diversification Becomes More Urgent

With the US market becoming less viable, Cambodian businesses may need to look elsewhere for trade opportunities. The country could strengthen ties with China, the European Union, or regional partners like Thailand and Vietnam. However, shifting trade routes takes time, and in the short term, businesses will likely face financial difficulties.

4. Potential Price Increases for Consumers

Many Cambodian businesses import raw materials or equipment from the US. If Cambodia retaliates with its own tariffs, it could lead to increased costs for locally produced goods. This means everyday Cambodians might have to pay more for essential products.

Dr. Pa Chanroeun, Researcher, Political Analyst, Human Rights and Democracy Advocate, and President of Cambodian Institute for Democracy expressed his point of view on his facebook page that:

Why Did the Trump Administration Impose New Import Tariffs on Many Countries?

A few hours ago, the Trump administration announced new import tariffs on several countries worldwide, with Cambodia facing the highest tariff rate at 49%. The increase in import tariffs is driven by several key factors:

1. Economic Factors and Trade Deficit – The United States aims to reduce its trade deficit by making foreign goods more expensive, thereby encouraging domestic production and consumption. Additionally, the U.S. seeks to push other countries to increase their imports from the U.S. to help balance trade.
2. Protection of Domestic Industries – Higher tariffs are intended to shield American industries from foreign competition, particularly in sectors like steel, aluminum, and manufacturing.
3. Strengthening Bargaining Power – Trump uses tariffs as a negotiating tool to secure better trade agreements, ensuring more favorable conditions for U.S. exporters.
4. Nationalist Economic Policies – The tariff hikes align with Trump’s “America First” economic strategy, which prioritizes strengthening U.S. industries and creating domestic jobs.
5. Geopolitical and International Trade Strategy – Tariffs are used as an instrument of geopolitical influence, pressuring trading partners to align with U.S. strategic interests. They also serve as leverage against geopolitical rivals and as a means to push countries to improve human rights, democracy, and governance practices.

5. A Global Trade War?

Experts fear that these tariff increases could spark a wider trade conflict, with countries imposing retaliatory measures. If global supply chains are disrupted, Cambodia, as an export-dependent economy, could suffer even more setbacks.

6. Could Cambodia See More Foreign Direct Investment?

Interestingly, some experts believe that Trump’s tariffs could also have a silver lining for Cambodia by diversifying its sources of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Dr. Jayant Menon, a visiting senior fellow at the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute in Singapore, suggests that as the trade war shifts focus from “Made in China” to “Made by China,” non-Chinese investors currently in China or Vietnam may look to Cambodia as an alternative.

He emphasizes that while Chinese FDI might not increase due to Trump’s broader trade policy shift, Cambodia could attract investment from other global players looking to move out of China. This could help reduce Cambodia’s heavy dependence on a single country and build economic resilience. However, to take advantage of this opportunity, Cambodia must focus on economic diversification, infrastructure improvements, and workforce skill development to remain competitive in the region.

What Can Cambodia Do? How Will Cambodia Survive a 49% US Tariff?

This morning, Trump announced 49% tariffs on Cambodia. If not aggressively addressed within the next couple weeks, this will destroy the Cambodian economy and create a deep economic recession, a loss of several hundred thousand jobs in a country with a population of only 17 million, social instability, and rapid capital outflow. Manufacturers in Cambodia will be urgently pleading with the government to take immediate action. Cambodia only imports $350 million of goods from the U.S. It would cost almost nothing to the Cambodian government to allow all US goods to be imported tariff-free and quickly provide licenses to U.S. businesses such as Starlink. The Cambodian government needs to make a bold gesture, quickly, said Casey Barnett, CFA, FCCA, President of The American Chamber of Commerce in Cambodia Association (AmCham) and of CamEd Business School.

He warned that if the issue is not addressed seriously this week, it could devastate Cambodia’s economy, leading to a severe economic crisis, massive job losses, social instability, and rapid capital outflows. He noted that Cambodia imports only $350 million worth of goods from the United States, meaning it would cost the Cambodian government relatively little to allow all U.S. goods to be imported duty-free and to expedite business licenses for American companies like Starlink. He urged the Cambodian government to take bold and swift action.

While this news is concerning, Cambodia has several options:

• Negotiation & Diplomacy: Cambodian leaders can engage with US officials to seek exemptions or reductions in tariffs, as other countries may also try.
• Trade Diversification: Expanding trade partnerships with other nations, including ASEAN neighbors, China, and Europe, could soften the blow.
• Boosting Domestic Production: Encouraging local industries and reducing reliance on exports may help stabilize the economy in the long run.
• Improving Workforce Skills & Infrastructure: Investing in education, skills training, and logistics could help Cambodia attract more diverse foreign investors.

“Oh look at Cambodia, 97 percent, we are gonna make it down to 49 percent. They made a fortune with the United States of America,” Trump said in a video posted on social media.

The main trading partners that will receive these special tariff rates are:
– European Union: 20%
– China: 34%
– Vietnam: 46%
– Thailand: 36%
– Japan: 24%
– Cambodia: 49%
– South Africa: 30%
– Taiwan: 32%

In addition, the countries where the US will impose a basic tariff of 10%, which will take effect on April 5, include:
– United Kingdom
– Singapore
– Brazil
– Australia
– New Zealand
– Turkey
– Colombia
– Argentina
– El Salvador
– United Arab Emirates
– Saudi Arabia

Final Thoughts

There’s no doubt that Trump’s new tariffs will challenge Cambodia’s economy. However, the country has shown resilience before and can navigate these hurdles through strategic planning and strong international partnerships. Businesses, policymakers, and consumers alike must prepare for changes in trade, but with the right approach, Cambodia can adapt and thrive.

What do you think about these new tariffs? Let us know your thoughts!